论萨尔曼·拉什迪小说中的叙事交流

Narrative Communication in Salman Rushdie’s Fictions

批评家宣称萨尔曼.拉什迪在小说创作中借鉴了《一千零一夜》的口头叙事等叙事艺术,但笔者认为拉什迪主要借鉴并发展了《一千零一夜》"山鲁佐德与山鲁亚尔"式人物叙事者与人物受叙者的叙事交流,创造出各种叙事者与受叙者之间的多层次对话。本文主要讨论拉什迪的代表性长篇小说(《午夜的孩子》、《羞耻》和《摩尔人的最后叹息》)所呈现出的"期待与满足"、"埋怨与保证"和"疑问与解答"叙事交流模式,揭示这些叙事交流不仅具有设置故事悬念、协调叙事顺序和总结、评价叙事内容等修辞意义,也传达出拉什迪倡导多声部历史叙事、挑战权威历史话语的文化政治概念。

Rushdian critics argue that Salman Rushdie’s fictions borrow from The Arabian Nights its narrative strategies. This paper, however, contends that Rushdie develops the ＂Scheherazade and Shahryar＂ pattern, a dialogue pattern between narrator/character and narratee/character, creating the multi-hierarchy communication between various types of narrators and narratees. It investigates the patterns of narrative communication in Rushdie’s fictions, namely ＂expectation and fulfillment＂, ＂complaint and assurance＂ and ＂question and answer＂, demonstrating that the communication performs such rhetorical functions as suspense creation, order adjustment, generalization and evaluation, and thus addresses the politics of multifarious historical narratives.