委内瑞拉稠油水包油乳化降黏的研究

Viscosity Reduction of Venezuela Heavy Oil by Oil-in-Water Emulsification

以委内瑞拉稠油为研究对象,采用不同类型表面活性剂制备委内瑞拉稠油水包油(O/W)体系,以体系的表观黏度为主要评价手段,考察了不同类型表面活性剂形成的稠油O/W体系的初始乳化性能;考察了表面活性剂含量、体系中油与水体积比(简称油水比)及搅拌转速对体系乳化性能的影响。实验结果表明,阴离子和非离子表面活性剂对体系界面黏性及乳化性能产生较大影响;在非离子表面活性剂质量分数0.08%、油水比7:3、搅拌转速3500～5000 r/min的条件下得到的体系的初始表观黏度较低,且初始乳化性能最佳。

The oil-in-water emulsions of Venezuela heavy oil were prepared with different suffactants. Based on the emulsification mechanism and experimental results, it is believed that the initial status and property of the emulsions are very different with the different surfactants. The effects of surfactant type and concentration, oil/water volume ratio and agitating speed on the initial emulsification were investigated by apparent viscosity. The experimental results demonstrated that anionic and nonionic surfactants are more effective on the apparent viscosity and emulsifying properties of Venezuela heavy oil. The optimum conditions for the best initial emulsification and low apparent viscosity are： mass fraction of nonionic surfactant 0.08%, volume ratio of oil to water 7 ： 3, and agitating speed 3 500 -5 000 r/min.