为什么中国的城市化进程滞后?——基于比较和历史的视角

Why Does China's Urbanization Process Be Lagged Behind?——From the Comparative and Historical Perspective

从城市化进程的轨迹、发展水平、结构规模等方面分析中国的城市化特征,认为中国的城市化进程滞后于工业化和经济发展水平。造成中国城市化进程滞后的原因在于,1978年之前实行的重工业优先发展战略和逆城市化政策,1978～1994年间的农村改革、乡镇企业发展和认识上的误区及城乡二元体制的固化,以及1995年之后在地方政府追求GDP为导向的发展模式下所产生的一些抑制城市化进程的政策和措施。

The paper analyzes China＇s urbanization characteristics from the aspects of the traces, development level, and the structural scale of urbanization process. The authors believe that the urbanization process of China lags behind the industrialization and economic development level. The reasons lie in the strategies and policies of our country in the past： the implementation of the prior development strategies of heavy industry and the counter - urbanization policies before 1978; the rural reform, development of township enterprises, and the misunderstanding in the ur- ban- rural dual system from 1978 to 1994; and the policies and measures which suppressed the urbanization process under the GDP - oriented development model of local governments after 1995.