服刑人员留守未成年子女的心理健康状况与社会支持

Social support and mental health of the prisoners' left-behind children

目的:探讨服刑人员留守未成年子女心理健康与社会支持的基本状况及两者关系。方法:采用方便取样,从某监狱选取服刑人员(已服刑3年以上)留守未成年子女20名为研究组;另外,从本地区一所农村小学、初中和一所城镇小学、初中抽取学生406人,采用最大限度配对法(考虑到城镇和农村、年龄、性别等),选取父亲或父母均在外地工作的学生(留守时间3年以上)20人为对照组。采用心理健康诊断测验(Mental Health Diagnosis,MHT)和社会支持评定量表(Social support scale,SSRS)对两组学生进行测查。结果:研究组在MHT对人焦虑和身体症状维度上的平均秩次均高于对照组[10.23vs.4.70,11.50vs.5.50,均P<0.05],在SSRS各维度得分上两组间差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);支持利用度对服刑人员留守未成年子女心理健康状况具有负向预测作用(β=-0.51,P=0.021)。结论:服刑人员留守未成年子女对人焦虑和躯体症状方面的心理问题突出,提高服刑人员留守未成年子女对社会支持利用度有利于改善其心理健康状况。

Objective： To explore the situation of the mental health of the prisoners＇left-behind children and the relationship between social support and their mental health. Methods： Twenty left-behind children of prisoners who were selected from one prison by convenience sampling were divided into the experimental group. Twenty ordinary left-behind children who were selected from 406 primary and middle students were used as control group by maximum matching method. The two groups were asscsscd with the Social Support Scale and the Mental Health Diagnosis. Results： The scores of anxiety to others and physical symptoms were significantly higher in prisoners＇behind children than in the control group E 10. 23 vs. 4. 70, 11.50 vs. 5.50, Ps 〈0. 05 ] . As for the Prisoners＇left-home Minor Children, support utilization was a significantly negative predictor for mental health （β = -0. 51, P =0. 021 ） . Conehision： The mental health situations of the prisoners＇left-behind children are not as good as the ordinary left-behind children. To enhance the utilization of the social support may improve the mental health situations of the prisoners＇ left-behind children.