摘要
瑞典-俄罗斯94’苔原生态考察中所包含的植物学计划提供了关于苔原植物生态学的新信息,记载了不同尺度的植被格局,这是由于与环境因子间复杂相互作用的结果。考察中研究了木质地衣的分布,结果表明这些地衣依靠不同的无性繁殖模式进行扩散。苔草属物种表现出极大的基株年龄,与地衣有极相似的特征。尽管龄级较高且开花通常较少,但苔草具有较高的遗传多样性。在不同实验点间苔草开花和无性系分株生产有巨大的差异,反映了种群年际间的非同步波动,这与周期性的旅鼠种群和气候有关。这项研究提出了苔原植物生态学知识的重要空白点,其中一些可望在1999年西北苔原考察时得到解决。
The inclusion of the botanical projects in the Swedish-Russian Tundra Ecology -94 expedition provided new information on the ecology of tundra plants. The vegetation patterns on different scales were documented, and interpreted as the result of a complex interaction with environmental factors. The distribution of fruticose lichens was studied, and it was shown that these lichens rely on different modes of asexual reproduction for their dispersal. Extreme old genet ages were demonstrated for species of Carex and there were similar strong indications for lichens. Populations of Carex were genetically diverse in spite of old ages and often low levels of flowering. Large differences between sites in flowering and vegetative ramet production (vegetative reproduction) in Carex reflected a asynchronous between-year population fluctuation, which was related to cyclic lemming populations and climate. Important gaps in our knowledge of the ecology of tundra plants are pointed out, some of which will hopefully be resolved during the tundra expedition, Tundra Northwest 1999.
