摘要
随着亚洲畜禽生产系统和市场明显地趋向于两极化,本研究提出了将畜禽养殖和养鱼结合起来的替代策略。这里的两极分化是指农村营养缺乏的畜禽系统限制了常规的综合畜禽养殖系统;以及水产养殖与工业化的郊区牲畜饲养系统相关联。这些选择与当前常规的综合相对应:以农场外饲料饲养的牲畜排泄出的肥料直接用来喂鱼。小规模农户综合农作的试图因养分缺乏而受到限制,与此相矛盾的是,出现在城市周围的过量典型牲畜废物却不能在水产养殖上应用,因为较高的地价不利于在半集约化的池塘里循环利用这些废料。通过对输入营养有计划地加以应用,而实现畜禽业和养鱼业的集约化,对于小规模农户的牲畜-鱼生产方式来说是很非常有前途的。木文对于"工业化水平"的综合提出了很多实践方法,包括饲养对于有耐受力的鱼类、养殖用水的循环利用,对牲畜废弃物预加工以便给集约化鱼类养殖提供活饲料。
Alternative strategies for integration of livestock and fish culture are proposed based on a perceived polarization of production systems and markets for livestock in Asia: Rural, nutrient-poor farming systems that have limited potential for conventional integrated farming; and aquaculture linked to industrialized, periurban livestock systems. These options contrast with current conventional integration in which manure from feedlot livestock fed with off-farm feed is directly used as fertilizer in fish culture. Smallholders attempting integrated farming are constrained by poor availability of nutrients', and paradoxically the superabundance of livestock wastes typical of periurban areas also deters use in aquaculture since high land values do not favor the recycling of such wastes in semi-intensive ponds. Intensification of both traditional livestock and fish production components through the strategic use of imported nutrients is identified as a promising strategy for smallholder livestock-fish production. A range of practical methods is proposed for 'industrial-level' integration, including culture of tolerant fish species, reuse of culture water, and pre-processing of livestock wastes to produce live feeds for intensive fish culture.
