农村中学生自杀意念及其影响因素分析

Influencing factors of suicidal ideation among rural middle school students

目的了解肥东县某农村地区中学生自杀意念发生情况及其影响因素,为中学生自杀预防和干预工作提供参考。方法采用整群抽样方法,选择肥东县某农村地区的2所中学,对初一至高三年级分别随机抽取12个班级,采用家庭环境量表、师生关系量表、应对方式量表和自尊量表等进行问卷调查。结果中学生总体自杀意念报告率为20.7%。女生为25.3%,男生为18.2%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=27.541,P=0.000);初中生自杀意念报告率为17.8%,高中生为24.2%,差异有统计学意义(2χ=38.618,P=0.000);父母婚姻状况对中学生自杀意念的影响差异有统计学意义(2χ=16.034,P=0.007)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,女性、高中年级、家庭环境得分低、自尊得分低和消极应对方式是自杀意念发生的危险因素,而师生关系得分高和积极应对方式是自杀意念发生的保护因素。结论中学生自杀意念报告率较高。应联合学校和家庭,根据其主要危险因素采取有针对性的预防措施。

Objective To investigate the sell-reported rate of suicidal ideation among rural middle school students in Feidong, Anhui Province. Methods Students were chosen by cluster sampling method from two middle schools, from grade 7 to grade 12. Twelve classes were selected in each grade. All students implemented questionnaire survey collecting information on family environment, teacher-student relationship, coping style, and self-esteem. Results Overall suicidal ideation report rate was 20.7% , with female （ 25.3% ） higher than male （ 18.2% ） （X2 = 27. 541, P = 0.000）. Report rate of suicidal ideation in students from junior high school （ 17.8% ）was significantly higher than that of students from senior students （ 24.2% ） （X^2 = 38. 618, P = 0. 000 ）. Marital status of parents had significant effect on adolescents＇ suicidal ideation （X^2 = 16. 034, P =0. 007）. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed being female, higher grades, poor family environment, low self-esteem and negative coping style were risk factors for suicidal ideation, and favorable teacher-student relationship, positive coping style was the protective factors of suicidal ideation. Conclusion These findings indicate a need for screening of suicidal ideation among rural area students particularly female and those with poor marital status of parents. Future research should focus on the mechanisms linking family factors and suicidal ideation.