从叶适到朱熹:“过不及”辨略

From Ye Shi to Zhu Xi:Research on the Thesis of "Guo buji"

《论》《庸》开启的"过不及"论题,系儒家中庸哲学之一重要部分。其在宋儒得以反响与接应,确有两系之分路:主理的朱子一路,主物的水心一路。"遮""表"之诠,固由佛家因明学所盛讲,其否定与肯定之命题形式,却也符合水心、朱子直面《论》《庸》之情形:朱子将顺的或正的逻辑为取径,吾人是谓"表",水心以逆的或负的逻辑为路向,吾人是谓"遮"。而"过不及"命题与叶水心人性修养之普罗主义的主张,与责任承担之儒家精英主义的水心、朱子之不同进路的考辨,尤有趣味。

The thesis of ＂guo buji＂（excess or deficiency）,which was proposed in the books of The Mean and The Analects,is an important part of the Confucian philosophy of the mean.The discussions on it in the Song dynasty were mainly divided into two branches： the Learning of Principle（lixue） by Zhu Xi and the materialism by Ye Shi.The former analyzed it from a patent and positive perspective while the latter interpreted it from a latent and negative angle.And the paper also investigates different influences of the thesis on Ye and Zhu,especially on Ye＇s equalitarian proposals.