鸿都门学设立的原因及其文学思想史意义

The Reasons of the Establishment of Hong Du Men Academy and Its Significance in the History of Literary Thought

汉末两次党锢之祸加剧了经学的式微,士人普遍表现出一种疏离政权的倾向,朝廷以经学取士的方式无法正常进行,灵帝在此际设立鸿都门学即是对选举制度所作的一次改革。当时社会围绕鸿都门学的争论映照出不同的文学观念:汉灵帝及鸿都诸生皆以书法辞赋作为利禄之途,是功利主义文学观;以杨赐、阳球为代表的正直士大夫主张罢除鸿都门学,对文学持否定的态度,是功利主义文学观的极端发展;蔡邕则从反对鸿都门学的角度认识到了文学的审美娱乐功能。三者皆反映出文学独立于经学的事实,因此鸿都门学的设立在文学思想发展过程中具有转折意义。

In the late Eastern Han Danasty,party forbiddance happened twice,and the study of Confucian was declined.An uncooperative tendency to the government appeared in the group of scholars.Therefore,usual selection system of government officials was blocked.At this time,Hanling di who was the emperor decided to establish Hong Du Men Academy.There were different opinions about Hong Du Men Academy at that time：first,both Hanlingdi and the students of Hong Du Men Academy took literature as a way to give or get political interests,this was an utilitarian view of literature;the literary view of Yang Ci and Yang Qiu was a negative attitude to literature;Cai Yong＇s literary view was based on that literature and the study of Confucian were two different things.These three opinions reflected a fact that literature has got its independence from the study of Confucian.So,the establishment of Hong Du Men Academy was a transition in the history of literature thought.