论休谟的正义理论

On Hume's Justice Theory

休谟的正义理论体现了理性和情感的张力,他区分了正义规则的建立和正义感的愉悦来源,前者依靠的是理性,后者依靠的是同情。休谟主张正义是理性和情感的结合,但情感是决定力量,理性只是情感的奴隶。这种以情感为主以理性为辅的结合观没有给理性和情感恰当的定位,因此避免不了道德失范的缺陷。

David Hume＇s justice theory reveals the tension between reason and passion. He separates how rules of justice are established and how we come to approve of them. He argues that the rules of justice are derived from reasons, but the common points of them originate from sympathy. He insists that justice is the combination of reason and passion. Passion takes the decisive role in this combination, while a reason is just the slave of passion. His view of ＂putting passion over reason＂ has showed improper relationship between reason and passion. Therefore, it results in social instability caused by defected moral standards.