假如种地等于就业——基于就业视角下的农民社会保障制度研究

Suppose Farming Equals Employment——A Study on the Chinese Farmers' Social Security System from the Employment Perspective

对农民生存、发展而言,土地是农民的命根子,是农民就业的主要岗位和收入的主要来源。土地对农民还具有基本社会保障功能,许多农民利用农闲到城镇就业,当农民失去工作回到农村后,仍有土地耕种,生活依然能够得到保障。然而当前土地提供的就业既没有给农民带来足够的收入保障,也没有给农民带来相应的养老保障,农民的就业还不是真正意义上的就业。能否有效保障种地农民的可持续性就业,是进一步发展和完善我国农民社会保障制度需要重点攻关的民生课题之一。如果国家承认农民种地即就业,那就应当给农民提供与就业相关的一系列待遇和配套保障。

Generally speaking, land is farmers＇ basic living resource and the main source of income. Land also has the function of providing basic social security for farmers because many of them use free time to look for jobs in cities, and would farm when they lose their urban jobs and return homes, so their lives can still be safeguarded. However, nowadays, it is not wise enough for Chinese government to take land as a solution to solve employment problem of farmers instead of establishing and improving social security system in rural areas, because neither land has brought enough income by providing employment, nor brought the corresponding old-age security for farmers, and farmers＇ employment fail to be recognized as an authentic job. If the government would recognize farming as a type of employment, a series of employment-related benefits and supporting security should accordingly be provided and established for farmers.