自然格与自然主义

Natural Type and Naturalism

自然格是出自中国古代文论的一个审美范畴,它代表的是诗歌所具有的冲淡自然的风格品味;自然主义是在19世纪后半叶诞生于法国的一股文艺思潮,它主张文学应该逼真地再现社会人生。它们是在不同的文化背景下产生的两种文艺思想,因此在表面上都强调自然的前提下仍然存在很多差异。通过比较发现,无论是在表达内容上的丰富淳厚,还是在表达方式上的艺术追求,或是在表达效果上的境界创造,自然格比自然主义更具有审美价值,因为自然格强调的是艺术的自然,自然主义更倾向于是科学的自然。

Given the long history of China, the ancient literary theories have so many aesthetic categories, the natural type is also included, which is about the quality of being simple and natural in poetry. In the late 19th century, a literature current of thought was popular in France, which was called naturalism and claimed that literature was all about human society, no matter the good, the bad, the beauty and the ugliness. Both thoughts were born in different culture backgrounds, so under the premise of stressing nature, there are still so many differences between them. By comparison, the natural type is richer in content, more varied in skill, and more creative in art than the naturalism. In one word, the former talks about nature in art, the latter just in science.