更新、再生与复兴——英国1960年代以来城市政策方向变迁

Renewal,Regeneration and Renaissance:Urban Policies of Britain Since the 1960s

1960年代是英国城市规划的分水岭,自此英国城市规划开始从以物质空间为主导的规划转向以社会经济政策为引导的规划时代。以1968年城市计划为开端,迄今为止英国政府推出了诸多的城市发展政策,这些城市政策在总体社会经济目标框架下被称为城市更新、城市再生或城市复兴运动。今天看来,更新、再生、复兴,这三个仅有一字之差的措辞用语事实上代表了不同社会转型阶段英国城乡规划发展理论与实践的探索和创新。本文的研究便是从历史出发,简要分析英国自1960年代以来其城市更新、城市再生、城市复兴等不同城市政策制定的社会历史背景、发展思想、采取的政策形式、相应的社会效应等,目的是明晰当代城市发展理论实践整体的社会逻辑。

The 1960s was a watershed in British town planning.Since then,the British town planning began to transfer from space-oriented physical planning to the social and economic policy-guiding era.In 1968,the Urban Program was a pathfinder,so far the British Government have introduced a number of urban policies,these policies are known as Urban Renewal,Urban Regeneration,and Urban Renaissance Campaigns under the framework of overall socio-economic objectives.Though,Urban Renewal,Urban Regeneration,and Urban Renaissance,only one word difference between them,they actually represent the new theoretical and practical explorations and innovations in the field of town planning at the different stages of social transformation.This study views from the history,gives a brief analysis of the British urban policy since the 1960s of its urban renewal,urban regeneration and urban renaissance,analyzes the social and historical background of the development of these ideas,the policy forms,their social effects etc.The purpose is to try to clear the social logic which exist in the contemporary urban development.