马克思论阈中的“自由”、“自觉”与审美

The "Freedom","Consciousness" and Appreciation of Beauty on the Threshold of Marxian Theory

对于人的"自由"、"自觉",马克思曾在人类学、社会学、哲学的三重关系中作了考察与论述。即作为"类存在"的人在"真正的生产"中得到规定的"自由"、"自觉";作为在生产发展不同阶段上出现的不同社会形态中实际实现的"自由"、"自觉";作为人对实践对象自身必然性的能动适应中获得的"自由"、"自觉"。三者分别揭示了"自由"、"自觉"的历史起点(历史根据)、历史形式和最高本质,既有联系亦有区别。同时也显示了"自由"、"自觉"的相互关系。马克思论阈中的"自由"、"自觉",始终处于具体历史的关系中;无条件地、不加分析地把"自由"、"自觉"当做人和审美的"本质",不仅倒置了第一性与第二性的关系,也将人和审美等同了起来,使其变成为非现实的知性抽象品,不是马克思的观点。

Marx examines and discusses the ＂freadom＂and ＂consciousness＂ ＂of man among the three relations of anthropology, sociology and philosophy. Man as ＂species being＂ gets the provided ＂freadom＂.and ＂consciousness＂ in ＂real productionr＇ ; as a achieved actually ＂freedom＂ and ＂consciousness in the different social forms in the different phrases of production development ;as a, acquired＂freedom＂ and ＂consciousness＂ in the active adaptation to necessity for man to practise object itself. These three ways reveal the historical point of departure （ historical grounds）, historical forms and highest nature of ＂freedom＂ and ＂consciousness＂, which show the t interrelations among them, interrelated and different. The ＂freedom＂ and ＇ consciousness on the threshold of Marx Theory be in concrete historical relations from beginning to end To regard ＂freedom＂ and ＂consciousness＂ as the natures of man and appreciation of beauty unconditionally and without analysis--this is not only_.a inverted relation of primary and secondary but also the equivalence of man and appreciation of beauty, which is actually the unreal abstraction of them. This viewpoint does not belong to Marx.