药桑的生物活性成分及药理作用研究进展

Research Progress on Active Ingredients and Pharmacological Functions of Black Mulberry(Morus nigra L.)

生长在新疆维吾尔自治区的药桑属于黑桑种(Morus nigra L.),是珍稀的药食兼用桑树品种资源。国内外研究者采用超临界流体萃取、超声波萃取以及反相高效液相色谱结合荧光检测等方法,从药桑的不同部位材料中分离鉴定出黄酮类、多糖类、生物碱、二苯乙烯及苯骈呋喃类等生物活性物质,在药桑的桑椹中还分离检测出脂肪酸、总可溶性氮化合物、氨基酸、维生素、类胡萝卜素等成分;明确药桑作为药用植物资源,其含有的生物活性成分具有降血糖、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗炎症等药理作用。今后需要对药桑各个部位活性成分的高效提取分离、生物活性鉴定及应用开发等进行系统研究,深度发掘和利用药桑的医药保健功效。

The Black Mulberry （Morus nigra L. ） which grows in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is a rare and precious mulberry variety resource with medicinal and food concurrent uses. Researchers at home and abroad have utilized the supercritical fluid extraction, the ultrasonic wave extraction, the reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography in combination with fluorescence examination and other methods to isolate and identify active constituents from Black Mulberry＇s different parts. The obtained active constituents include flavonoids, polysaccharides, alkaloids, diphenyle- thenes, and benzofurans etc. In addition, fatty acids, total soluble nitrogen compounds, amino acids, vitamins and carotenoids have also been isolated and detected from fruit of Black Mulberry. Black Mulberry has been considered as a medicinal plant resource. The active constituents in it have pharmacological functions including reducing blood sugar level, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, and anti-inflammation. It is expected to conduct systematic studies on high efficiency extraction of active constituents from different parts of Black Mulberry, on identification of their biological activities, and on development and application of healthcare products, thus to have full exploration and utilization of active constituents in the medicinal mulberry.