再思违约行为的类型划分——以海峡两岸合同法的比较研究为重点

Re-exploring Type Classification of Breach of Contract: A Comparative Study of Contract Laws Across Taiwan Strait

论及我国合同法现实违约行为的具体类型,民法学者的意见众说纷纭。以台湾民法处理类似问题的研究成果为借鉴,可以发现,为了与合同法中"不履行合同义务"和"履行合同义务不符合约定"的结构相一致,应该在解释论上将现实违约行为划分为"不履行"和"不完全履行"两个基本类型。其中,不履行包括履行不能和履行迟延,不完全履行包括瑕疵给付和加害给付。在例外的情况下,债权人对受领或协助等义务的违反也可构成违约。

On the concrete types of contract breach in Chinese contract law,the civil law scholars have disagreements.A comparative study of the research achievements in Taiwan civil law in treating similar cases shows that,in order to make in correspondence the structures of 'non-fulfilment of the contract obligations' and 'contract obligations fulfilment against the agreement,' the two types of 'non-fulfilment' and 'incomplete fulfilment' should be made in the realistic contract breach.Among them,'non-fulfilment' includes 'impossibility fulfilment' and 'delayed fulfilment' while 'incomplete fulfilment' includes defective payment and damage payment.In exceptional cases,the claimants' breach of the obligations like taking delivery or assistance is also breach of contract.