上海外来入侵种加拿大一枝黄花种群的遗传结构研究

Population Genetic Structures of An Invasive Species,Solidago canadensis,in Shanghai

采用分子标记(RAPDs)对上海地区入侵种加拿大一枝黄花(Solidago canadensis)种群遗传结构进行分析。采用10条引物扩增了8个种群185个个体,共得到92条条带。95%标准下,多态位点百分比为100%。平均有效等位基因数目为1.359 7,期望杂合度为0.401 8,Shannon指数为0.367 6。上海地区加拿大一枝黄花种群整体遗传多样性较高,但单个种群的遗传多样性水平中等,可能与加拿大一枝黄花有广泛种质来源,通过有性繁殖入侵,但通过无性繁殖扩张的过程有关。基因分化系数GST为0.341 5,AMOVA表明41.65%的总DNA遗传变异方差存在于种群间,说明加拿大一枝黄花种群的遗传分化程度较大,表明了其以无性繁殖为主的扩散方式。

The population genetic structures of an invasive species,Solidago canadensis,in Shanghai were analyzed using RAPD markers.A total of 10 primers were used and amplified 92 bands among all the 185 individuals of 8 populations.The percentage of polymorphic loci was 100% under 95% standard.The number of mean effective alleles was 1.359 7.The expected heterozygosity was 0.401 8,and Shannon index was 0.367 6.The data suggested genetic diversity of the whole Solidago Canadensis population in Shanghai was relatively high;while that of each population was middling,indicating extensive sources of seeds during the invading process,and asexual propagation in each population during expanding.Both GST（0.341 5） and AMOVA（41.65% of total genetic variance was among populations） showed a high genetic differentiation among populations,and asexual propagation within population during dispersal.