滇西北地区畜禽养殖现状调查

Situations and Countermeasures of Animal Husbandry in Shangri-La County,Northwest Yunnan

为了解滇西北地区的畜禽养殖概况,为畜禽养殖的可持续发展提供科学依据,选择具有代表性的香格里拉县小中甸镇塘培社开展定点调查,分析该社畜禽数量变化、畜禽主要用途和限制因素、畜禽疾病和预防等。结果表明:塘培社平均每户养殖的畜禽数量,鸡为10.8只,猪8.8头,黄牛3.4头,犏牛2.6头,牦牛2.4头,狗1.6只。黄牛、牦牛和犏牛减少的主要原因是将小牛仔卖出,猪和鸡的减少主要是自己消费和因疾病死亡;而牛的增加主要是当年新出生的小牛仔,猪和鸡增加主要是新出生的猪仔和孵出的小鸡。黄牛的主要用途是积肥,犏牛的主要用途是积肥和耕地,牦牛的主要用途是产生牛奶以制作酥油。猪和鸡的疾病发生普遍,死亡率高。饲料短缺和疾病是该社畜禽养殖发展过程中面临的主要问题。针对畜禽养殖面临的限制因素,可以通过人工草场建设、合理利用天然草场和改进青贮技术,确保饲料供应;培训兽医、扩大疫苗注射范围和避免畜禽疾病的交叉传染和扩散,以减小疾病对畜禽养殖发展的影响。

Carried out the investigation of animal husbandry in Shangri-La County, Northwest Yunan. The number of livestock and poultry, main usages and constraining factors, diseases and prevention were analyzed. The results showed that： the average number of livestock per household as follows ： chicken （ 10.8 ） 〉 pigs （ 8.8 ） 〉 cattle （ 3.4 ） 〉 dzo （ 2.6 ） 〉 yak （ 2.4 ） 〉 dogs （ 1.6 ）. The main factor of cattle, dzo, and yak reduction was mainly due to the sale, the pigs and chickens reduction was mainly the farmers＇ own consumption and death due to ill- ness; while the increase in cattle was birth of calves, and the increase of pigs and chickens was attributable to the new born pigs and hatched chicks. The main usage of cattle was manure and dzo usage was mainly farmland, and yak＇s primary purpose is to produce milk. The disease of pigs and chickens was common ; the mortality rate was also high. Feed shortages and disease were the most important problems for the development of animal husbandry. The authors recommend： Through the building of artificial grassland, rational use of natural pastures and improving silage technology, feed supply was ensured; veterinarian training, expanding vaccination coverage and avoid cross：infection of livestock and poultry diseases can reduce the impact of disease on livestock development.