政府横向权力配置新论——从结构功能主义角度的分析

New Interpretation of Horizontal Allocation of Governmental Powers——From the Perspective of the Analysis of Structural Functionalism

在"结构功能主义"权力分立观看来,政府的立法权、司法权和行政权分别是一种政治性、法律技术性和兼具政治性与行政技术性的权力;为了实现相应的政府职能,这些权力应当由相应的政治性的机关(立法机关)、法律技术性机关(司法机关)和兼具政治性与行政技术性的机关(行政机关)来行使;为了保证各政府机关能够"称职"地行使相应的权力,各政府机关的组成人员、运作规则应当具备不同于其他机关和人员的制度设计。尽管当今世界各国存在国家性质和政权体制的不同,但是三种权力的性质却是永恒不变、超越国家界限和超越意识形态的。我国当前权力机关(民意机关)和司法机关(法院)的行政化倾向不利于国家职能的有效实现。

In the perspective of Structural Functionalism Separation of Powers, the government＇s legislative, judicial and executive power were a political, legal technical and both political and administrative technical powers. In order to achieve the appropriate government functions, these powers should be exercised by the appropriate political authorities （the legislature）, the legal technical institutions （the judiciary）, and both political and administrative technical agencies （executive authority） . For ensuring that all government agencies may ＂competent＂ to exercise the corresponding powers, the personnel and operating rules of one agency should be different from other agencies. Although the national and political systems ane different between many countries , but the nature of three powers is eternal, beyond national boundaries and transcend ideology. The administrative tendency of legislative branch and judicial branch in current China system may lead to disorder of state functions.