对外开放与中国制造业工资差距——基于劳动力供需模型的实证检验

Openness and Manufacturing Wage Gap in China:An Empirical Study Based on Labor Supply and Demand Model

选取1998—2006年中国26个省市的面板数据,利用结合劳动力供需的对外开放影响工资差距的理论模型,就对外开放对制造业熟练和非熟练工人工资差距的影响进行实证研究。研究发现:从全国样本看,外商直接投资有利于缩小制造业熟练与非熟练工人工资差距,而贸易开放与制造业熟练和非熟练工人工资差距则是一种倒"U"型的关系。在分地区讨论时,发现外商直接投资对中西部地区制造业熟练与非熟练工人工资差距的缩小作用要大于东部地区,贸易开放对中西部地区制造业熟练与非熟练工人工资差距存在显著的正向影响,而对东部地区的影响不显著,这进一步验证了上述倒"U"型关系的实证结果。

By using China＇s panel data of 26 provinces during 1998 -2006, this paper investigates the effects of openness on the manufacturing wage gap between skilled and unskilled labors by means of theoretical model. The findings are as follows： Firstly, in a national sample, FDI has positive effect on reducing the manufacturing wage gap between skilled and unskilled labors, and trade openness and manufacturing wage gap between skilled and unskilled labors have a reversed ＂U＂ shape relationship; Secondly, in a subregion sample, the effect of FDI reducing the gap in central and western regions is greater than the effect on eastern regions, while trade openness could significantly enlarge the gap in central and western regions. However, the effect of trade openness on eastern region is insignificant. This confirms the above-mentioned empirical results of reversed ＂U＂ shape relationship between trade openness and manufacturing wage gap between skilled and unskilled labor. Finally, some suggests are advanced.