“以史释诗”的有效性与局限性管窥

Tentative Study of the Validity and Limitation of the Historical Interpretation of Poetry

"以史释诗"是一种用"史"的眼光将诗与史结合起来,对诗作史的解读与还原,以求回归诗歌创作"原生态",回归诗章"本义"(meaning)与诗人"本意"(intention)的诗注方法。这种方法,一方面开启了诗的历史化解读,另一方面阐释重心由"诗章之义"转向"诗人之志",诗人的背景资讯备受瞩目。说诗者在对诗人背景资讯的瞩目与对话中,达到对诗歌的深刻理解与深度阐释,"以史释诗"的有效性大为彰显。然而,背景史料是一把双刃剑,当它与文本信息交互不一时,便又造成了对文本阅读与理解的障碍,"以史释诗"的局限性由此呈现。故说诗者在诗歌阐释活动中不可拘泥于背景阐释,宜多途径对话,多途径阐释。

The interpretation of poetry through history,which combines poetry and history to interpret poetry historically,is a way of reading poetry.This way can relocate poetry to the original context,meaning and the poet＇s intention.On the one hand,it opens the history of the interpretation of poetry;on the other hand,its priority of explanation is from the ＂meaning of poetry＂ to the ＂intention of the poet＂.Thus,the poet＇s background comes into focus,achieving a deep understanding of poetry.However,the historical background is a double-edged sword,when not in accordance with the texts,it will give rise to obstacles to the understanding of poetry,causing limitations.On account of this,multiple ways of the interpretation of poetry are needed.