微波辐射对稠油化学组成的影响

The impact of microwave radiation on chemical composition of heavy oil

微波开采技术可通过电磁波向储层释放物理能量,实现从油藏内部和表面同时进行的"体加热"。针对辽河、胜利、吐哈3个油田的普通稠油特性,开展了实验室微波辐射研究,并对辐射前后稠油化学组成进行了定性和定量对比分析。实验结果表明,微波辐射可引发稠油一系列化学反应,主要方向是从较大分子碎裂为较小分子。杂原子化合物易于发生微波化学反应,导致各非烃组分含量的明显变化和分子级分布模式的改变。主要是从分子质量较高的非烃分子裂解出分子质量较小的高极性非烃分子,并从非烃生成烃类化合物。微波辐射也可能会使大芳烃分子发生侧链断裂,但对小分子烃类(饱和烃和芳烃)化合物的分子分布模式无明显影响。

The technology of microwave recovery can exert physical energy on reservoir through electromagnetic wave to realize simultaneous heating of both inside and outside reservoir.Qualitative and quantitative comparison and analysis of the chemical composition of conventional heavy oils from the Liaohe,Shengli and Tuha oilfields in China have been conducted through laboratory microwave radiation research.The result shows that a series of chemical reactions have occurred under microwave radiation,mainly showing larger molecules broken into smaller ones.The heteroatom compounds of heavy oil are more unstable under microwave radiation,resulting in obvious change in the content of non-hydrocarbon components and the change of molecular distribution pattern.The changes mainly involve that the non-hydrocarbon molecules with high molecular weight crack into molecules with high polarity and low molecular weight,and generate hydrocarbon.Microwave radiation may also break larger aromatic hydrocarbon molecules at said-chain,but has little influence on the molecular distribution pattern of saturated hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon.