京郊越冬植被叶片滞尘效应研究

Dust-retention Ability of Winter Vegetations' Leaves in Beijing Suburb,China

采用水洗过滤法定量评价北京地区不同植被叶片冬春季节的滞尘情况。结果表明,小黑麦、冬小麦、油菜、紫花苜蓿、菠菜5类植被的叶片均有滞尘效果,冬春季节的平均周滞尘量大小排序为菠菜>小黑麦>油菜>冬小麦>紫花苜蓿,其中,冬小麦和紫花苜蓿叶片的周滞尘量显著低于其他3种植被叶片,冬小麦与紫花苜蓿的叶片周滞尘量无显著差异,菠菜、小黑麦和油菜的叶片周滞尘量也无明显区别;植被叶片在冬季和春季的滞尘效果有差异,菠菜、油菜和小黑麦的叶片在春季的周滞尘量大于冬季,冬小麦和紫花苜蓿则相反,并且冬季时期菠菜叶片的周滞尘量显著大于紫花苜蓿,其他3种植物间滞尘量无显著差异,春季时期菠菜、油菜、小黑麦叶片的周滞尘量显著大于冬小麦和紫花苜蓿。运用逐步回归分析法,分析得出影响小黑麦和冬小麦叶片滞尘效果的主要因素为降雨量、最大风速、覆盖度,影响菠菜滞尘效果的因素不显著。

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Leaf Dust-Retention Ability（LDRA） of five different vegetations around Beijing suburb in winter and the followed spring.Washing and filtering method was adopted to measure the dust-retention ability after a weekly sampling.It was found that all of the five tested vegetable leaves had dust-retention effect.LDRA of spinach,triticale and rape were significantly higher than that of winter wheat and alfalfa during the whole study period,average ability were spinachtriticalerapewinter wheatalfalfa.LDRA of five vegetations was changed in season,that of spinach,rape,and triticale in spring was greater than in winter,while an opposite trend was showed on winter wheat and alfalfa.In winter the LDRA of spinach was the highest of all and alfalfa was the lowest,and in spring LDRA of spinach,rape,triticale was significantly greater than the winter wheat and alfalfa;By using the stepwise regression analysis,it was suggested that rainfall,maximum wind speed and coverage were main factors that impacted the LDRA of triticale and winter wheat,however,there was no factor could significantly effect the LDRA of spinach.