幼儿园环境中铅含量对儿童血铅值的影响

Effects of Environmental Lead Exposure in Kindergartens on Children's Blood Lead Level

目的探讨幼儿园环境是否对儿童铅暴露产生影响。方法采集、测定幼儿园环境样品中铅含量，同时采集、测定儿童的手尘铅和血铅浓度，分析环境铅和血铅的相关关系。铅测定方法为原子吸收法。结果19所幼儿园室内地面尘、脱落漆皮。室内降尘、室外地面尘、土壤和自来水铅含量的几何均数分别为86．5μg/m2、235.5μg/g、445．9μg/g、172．4μg/m2、70．1μg/g及12.5μg／L。儿童双手尘铅的平均值为3．4μg。相关分析结果提示血铅与室外地面尘铅、儿童手尘铅呈正相关。多因素分析显示手尘铅被引入血铅的回归方程，而且其标准化回归系数最大，达0.3842，其偏回归系数为0．2018。结论幼儿园的环境卫生状况直接影响着儿童铅的摄入水平。因此有必要对儿童进行健康教育，使其养成勤洗手的卫生习惯，克服吮吸手指的不良行为。

Objective To detendne if kindergartens environmental status can influence chilthen's leadexpeare. Methods Environmental specimens, such as floor dust, peeledoff ghnt chip, sol and drinking waer,as well as chilthen's hand dust and hlch samples, were collected and measured for their lead levels in 19 kinderpeens, to analyze the relationship between childrin's blch lead levels and their environmental lead exposare.Rsults Geomtuc means of lead concentrations in indoor noor dust, peeled-off twnt chip, dust fallout, outdoorfloor dus, soil and drifhang water were 86.5μg/m2, 235.5μg/g, 445.9μ/g, 172.4μg/m2, 70. 1μ/g and12 .5μg/L, respectively. tead level on children's hands ateraged 3. 4 μg at beth hands. Blood lead levels inchildren correlated positively with the lead concentraions of outdoor floor duS and their hand dust, with cormlationcoefficients of 0. 518 6 and 0. 220 6, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed tha hand dust lead level inchildren entered the repoion medel with a largest standardized partial rempion coefficient of 0. 384 2 and a coefficient of detendnation of 0.673 for the full eqUation with F = 6. 52 and P < 0.01. Conclusion Status of environmenatal health in kindergartens plays an important role in cfuldren's lead expeme. It is necessary to offer healtheducation for childrin and make them wash their hands often and overeome unhealthy behavior of sucking their fingers.