平凉纸坊沟流域水土流失影响因素及其相关关系分析

Analysis of Affected Factors on Soil Loss and Related Relations in Zhifang Gully Watershed

为了深入探讨黄土高原沟壑地区小流域水沙运动及水土流失规律,采用平凉市纸坊沟流域50a的降水、径流、泥沙观测资料和成果,建立数据库,采取数理统计、矩阵计算、分段对比、相关分析等方法对黄土高原沟壑区典型小流域纸坊沟流域的水沙特性及水土流失特点进行了分析,研究了流域降水、径流、泥沙基本特性及其变化规律和水土流失主要影响因素及其相互关系,建立了流域土壤侵蚀流失量与主要影响因素间的单因子数学模型,为同类地区小流域水土流失状况分析和径流、泥沙及水土流失量估算分析确立了简便方式。该文从其研究成果中提炼出了纸坊沟流域水土流失主要影响因子及其变化对土壤侵蚀流失量减少的影响程度以及土壤侵蚀流失量与主要影响因素间的单因子数学模型。

Taking the Zhifang gully small watershed as an example, this paper is to further deeply study the basic reg- ulations and characteristics on runoff and silt in some small watersheds in Loess plateau area on the basis of observed data of 50 years of precipitation, runoff and silt as well as research achievement, by ways of d-base establish ment, analysis, calculation, partly comparing and related analysis. Through the analysis, we studied the basic characteristics and change regulation and their relationships between precipitation, runoff and silt, meanwhile, we established a single factor mathematic model between quantity of soil loss and its affected factors, which can be used as simple evaluation to analyze runoff and silt and quantity of soil loss in similar areas. This paper gives the affected degree of soil loss reduction by main affected factors and their changes as well as the single factor mathematic mode between quantity of soil loss and its main affected factors.