乌冈栎地理分布与水热环境因子的关系

Study on the Relationship between Quercus Phillyraeoides Distribution Region and the Evironmemtal Factors

在广泛收集乌冈栎地理分布资料的基础上,利用目前常用的植被与气候相互关系的研究方法,结合温暖指数(WI)、寒冷指数(CI)、干燥度指数(K)、水热综合指数(S)、年均生物温度(BT)、可蒸散量(PET)和年均可能蒸发量率(PER),以及单一的气象因子一月均温(TM-Jan)、七月均温(TM-Jul)、最高温(TMax)、最低温(TMin)、年均温(TM-A)、年均降水量(PM)等,对乌冈栎在东亚地区的地理分布及其与气候的关系进行了研究。结果表明:乌冈栎在中国地理分布在23°-34°N、100°-120°E,日本分布在26°-37°N、128°-140°E,均属于亚热带分布。气候环境指数研究的结果表明乌冈栎各项指数平均值均较低,与亚热带分布的青冈的指数接近,因此其性质为亚热带耐寒树种。通过热量曲线的比较,反映了中日两国乌冈栎分布范围的差异。结合主成分分析可知,影响乌冈栎分布的最主要因素是温度,并将其分布区划分为5类,包括:日本区(A)、中国华东区(B)中国西南部区(C)、中国西北部区(D)和中国南部区(E)。最后建立了乌冈栎生物地理模型,对预测该物种的分布提供了科学参考依据。

Based on the geographical distribution data of Quercus phillyraeoides, some indices widely used for the study of vegetation climate interaction were applied, including warmth index, coldness index, aridity index, integrated index of precipitation and temperature, biotemperature, potential evapotranspiration, potential evapotranspiration ratio, with the single climate factor about mean temperature in January, mean temperature in July, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, annual average temperature, annual average precipitation and so on. The results showed： the distribution region of Q. phillyraeoides was in subtropic, and the range was23°--34°N, 100°--120E in China and 26°--37°N, 128^--140°E in Japan. The climatic indi- ces of Q. phillyraeoides was approximate to Cyclobalanopsis glauca, which indicated that it was also a subtropical species of cold-resistant. The warmth index curve showed the different distribution range between China and Japan. The result of principal component analysis not only revealed that temperature was the most important factor to influence the distribution region, but also divided the distribution region into 5 parts, which including Japan, East China, South-west China, Northwest China and South China. Finally we come up with the biogeographical model of Q. phillyraeoides, which could provide a scientific reference for predicting the distribution region.