原木货舱内化学危害因素的实验研究

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE CHEMICAL HAZARDS IN THE LOG CARGO

原木虽为非危险货物,但在舱内卸载作业中屡有中毒乃至死亡事故的发生。本实验就是为查清事故发生的确切原因而设计的。实验时,将美国花旗松锯屑及树皮密闭在模拟货舱内并定期采气进行较严格的分析。结果表明,实验开始后模拟舱内氧浓度迅速下降,二氧化碳浓度明显升高.7天左右,氧浓度降至5％以下,而二氧化碳升到12％以上,二者浓度均已大大超出危险界限.色-质联用仪分析除发现大量二氧化碳外,还有一定量的二氯二氟甲烷和丁二醇.与此同时,对照舱内氧含量仅呈缓慢下降趋势,且未测出二氧化碳及其他成份的含量有任何升高.实验结果说明,原木货舱内作业的主要危险是缺氧和高二氧化碳。

Some poisoning cases including deaths were reported during unloading log from the cargo, which were supposed to be a shore of harmless goods. This simulated experiment was designed to find out the cause of these accidents. In the experiment, the sawdust and bark of Oregon pine were enclosed in the simulated chamber and the gases in the chamber were sampled and analysed. The result showed that the content of oxygen dropped to below 5% and the carbon dioxide content exceeded 12% in the simulated chamber after the experiment was started. In addition to the higher concentration of carbon dioxide, some dichlorodifluorometliane and 2, 3 butanediol were also found by GC-MS analysis. Meanwhile, in the control chamber, the content of oxygen was decreased very slowly and that of the carbon dioxide and other components did not elevate. It is clear that the etiology of the accident was most likely due to hypoxia and hypercapnia.