棉花株型性状的遗传分析

Inheritance of plant architecture traits in upland cotton(G. hirsutum L.)

探讨棉花株型性状的遗传规律,为通过株型育种提高棉花产量提供理论依据,该研究应用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型和分析方法,对以短季棉品种百棉2号和中晚熟材料TM-1形成的P1、P2、F1、B1、B2、F2 6个群体,进行了棉花株型性状的遗传研究。结果显示:总果枝数、株高/果枝长度和主茎节间长度受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因控制(E-0);有效果枝数受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因控制(B-1);株高受1对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因控制(D-0);果枝长度受1对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因控制(D-2);果枝节间长度受加性-显性-上位性多基因控制(C-0);总果节数受2对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因控制(E-3);果枝夹角受1对完全显性主基因+加性-显性多基因控制(D-3)。总果枝数、株高、主茎节间长度和总果节数以主基因遗传为主;果枝夹角以多基因遗传为主;有效果枝数属于典型的主基因遗传;果枝节间长度属于典型的多基因遗传;果枝长度、株高/果枝长度以主基因和多基因遗传并重。表明:对以主基因遗传或以主基因遗传为主的性状可采用单交重组或简单回交转育的方法;对以多基因遗传或以多基因遗传为主的性状可采用聚合回交或轮回选择累积增效基因的方法;对以主基因和多基因遗传并重的性状要根据其主基因和多基因的相对效应大小分别考虑,最终达到主基因、多基因同时得到改良的育种效果。

To explore the genetic rule of plant architecture traits of cotton for providing theoretical references on improving cotton yield through plant architecture breeding,the major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model was applied to analyze the inheritance of plant architecture traits with six generations of short-season cotton variety Baimian 2（P1） and middle-late maturing material TM-1（P2） in upland cotton（Gossypium hirsutum L.）,and their F1,B1,B2 and F2.The results showed that fruit branch number,ratio of plant height to fruit branch length,and stem internode length were controlled by two major genes with additive-dominance-epistatic effects plus polygene with additive-dominance-epistatic effects（E-0 model）.Effective fruit branches were controlled by two major genes with additive-dominance-epistatic effects（B-1 model）.Plant height was controlled by one major gene with additive-dominance effects plus polygenes with additive-dominance-epistatic effects（D-0 model）.Fruit branch length was controlled by one major gene with additive effects plus polygene with additive-dominance effects（D-2 model）.Fruit branch internode length was controlled by polygene with additive-dominance-epistatic effects（C-0 model）.Fruit node was controlled by two major genes with additive effects plus polygenes with additive-dominance effects（E-3 model）.Fruit branch angle was controlled by one major gene with complete dominance effects plus polygenes with additive-dominance effects（D-3 model）.Fruit branch number,plant height,stem internode length and fruit node were mainly controlled by major gene,while fruit branch angle was mainly controlled by polygene.Effective fruit branch number was typical major gene inheritance while fruit branch internode length was typical polygene inheritance.Fruit branch length and ratio of plant height to fruit branch length were controlled together by major gene and polygene.It was suggested single cross recombination or simple backcross could be adopted for the traits belonging to typical major gene inheritance or mainly controlled by major gene,polymerization backcross or recurrent selection to cumulate positive alleles could be adopted for the traits belonging to typical polygene inheritance or mainly controlled by polygene,and the relative effects of major gene and polygenes should be considered simutaneously for the traits controlled by both major gene and polygenes.