不同栽培措施对抗虫杂交棉品质和产量的影响

Effects of Different Cultivation Measures on Quality and Yield in Insect-resistant Hybrid Cotton

以湘杂棉3号为试验材料,采用L934正交设计,分析移栽密度、施氮量及肥料运筹等栽培措施对棉花产量和品质的影响。结果表明,在湖南气候条件与栽培技术体系下,影响产量的主导因子是肥料运筹(C),其次是施氮量(B)和种植密度(A);影响纤维品质的主导因子是施氮量(B),其次是肥料运筹(C)和种植密度(A);移栽密度24 000株/hm2、施纯氮337.5 kg/hm2、肥料运筹(基肥∶苗肥∶花铃肥)配比为3∶2∶5处理的单位面积产量最高;移栽密度24 000株/hm2、施纯氮225 kg/hm2、肥料运筹(基肥∶苗肥∶花铃肥)配比为3∶2∶5处理的纤维得分最高,纤维品质最优;湘杂棉3号高产栽培应在合理密植的前提下,以株结铃数、单铃质量、衣分为主攻目标,增加施氮量,重施花铃肥,将能提高棉花产量和纤维品质。

Investigated the effects of cultivation measures that is transplanting density and nitrogen rate and fertilizer application etc on cotton quality and yield by L934 orthogonal design with ＂xiangzamian No.3＂.The result showed that the fertilizer application（C） is critical factors that have effects on yield and then are nitrogen rate（B） and planting density（A） under the climate condition and cultivation technique in Hunan province.The nitrogen rate（B） is critical factors that have effects on fiber quality and then are fertilizer application（C） and planting density（A）.It can get highest yield per unit area when transplanting density is 24 000 plant/hm2,dressing N is 337.5 kg/hm2 and fertilizer application（basic fertilizer∶seedling fertilizer∶flowering fertilizer） rate is 3∶2∶5.When transplanting density is 24 000 plant/hm2,dressing N is 225 kg/hm2 and fertilizer application（basic fertilizer： seedling fertilizer： flowering fertilizer） rate is 3∶2∶5 it can get the highest fiber comprehensive scores and the optimal fiber quality.Under the condition of reasonable close planting,boll number per plant,single boll weight and lint percentage,it is principal target for high cotton yield.The cultivation measures of ＂xiangzamian No.3＂ is reasonable close planting,increasing nitrogen rate and applying plenty flowering fertilizer,then can increase yield and improve the fiber quality.