汶川地震灾区农村小学生卫生知识知晓和卫生行为调查

Investigation on Health Knowledge Awareness and Health Behavior among Rural Primary School Pupils in Wenchuan Earthquake Disaster Area

目的了解汶川地震灾区农村小学生卫生知识知晓和卫生行为形成的现状。方法于2009年11月,在北川县、什邡市和青川县各选取3所乡镇中心小学四年级2～3个班的学生作为调查对象。采用统一制定的《汶川地震灾区农村小学生调查表》,以学生自答问卷与调查人员现场调查相结合的方法,对学生的卫生知识的来源、知晓情况以及卫生行为的形成情况进行调查。结果北川县、什邡市和青川县小学生卫生知识主要来自老师,占70.75%;其次是来自家长,占13.29%,再次是来自电视广播,占10.49%;腹泻病病因的知晓率均低于50%。小学生对腹泻预防措施知晓的平均得分为1.71分,其中,北川县、青川县和什邡市小学生对腹泻预防措施知晓的平均得分分别为1.69、1.63、1.79分。小学生卫生行为形成率由高至低依次为:不乱丢垃圾(94.52%)>不喝生水(83.33%)>指正错误行为(79.14%)>便后洗手(67.25%)>饭前洗手(45.45%)>保持指甲干净(42.66%)>洗手时用肥皂(25.64%)。结论汶川地震灾区小学生的健康教育工作亟待提高。

Objective To find out the status quo of health knowledge awareness and health behavior forming among rural primary school pupils in the Wenchuan earthquake disaster area. Methods The pupils of 2 to 3 classes were sampled from 3 primary schools on the town level in Beichuan, Qingchuan and Shifang counties respectively. The pupils sampled were investigated on the health knowledge and behavior with the questionnaire in the Wenchuan earthquake area in the way of self-answering and field investigating in November 2009. Results The pupils from Beichuan,Qingchuan and Shifang counties mainly learned health knowledge from teachers （70.75%）, then from parents （13.29%）,andthenfromtheTVandbroadcasting （13.29%）. Less than 50% ofpupils knew the cause ofdiarrhea and the average score of how to prevent diarrhea was 1.71. The average scores of pupils from Beichuan,Qingchuan and Shifang were 1.69,1.63 and 1.79 respectively. The forming rates of pupils health behavior ranked as not littering（94.52%）〉not drinking untreated water（83.33%）〉 correcting others incorrect conducts （79.14%）〉washing hands after excreting （67.25%）〉washinghandsbeforedinner （45.45%）〉keeping nails clean（42.66%）〉using soap when washing hand（25.64%）. Conclusion The health education among rural primary school pupils in the Wenchuan earthquake disaster area is extremely to be improved.