小额诉讼研究与中国的立法选择

近年来,我国法院受理案件数量急剧增加,为了节约司法资源,有效处理大量涌现的社会纠纷,我国不断扩大民事诉讼法中简易程序的适用范围,许多地区的法院也对简易程序进行了改革,并且取得了一定的成就。但是,随着社会经济的发展,小额纠纷引发的矛盾越来越多,比如人们的日常消费领域,这些领域的纠纷有多发性、标的金额小、涉及范围广的特点,人们在想运用法律武器保护自身利益的同时,往往会因诉讼成本过高而止步,由此只能不情愿地接受商家的不负责给自身利益造成的损失。而传统的民事简易程序由于其自身的缺陷已经不能满足小额纠纷解决的需要,一种比民事简易程序更加简化快捷的程序——小额诉讼程序函需引入。小额诉讼程序强调法官职权化和非证据化,这些特点能够有力地克服目前我国民事简易程序"无力化"的特点,真正发挥快速解决小额纠纷的作用。在我国目前案件数量急剧增加,诉讼周期长、效率低、积案大量出现的时期,我们应该积极借鉴并吸收这一优秀制度成果,在多元化纠纷解决机制的基础上建立适合我国具体国情的小额诉讼制度,提高诉讼效率,实现诉讼的效益化。

In recent years,sharp increase in thenumb er of cases of the Court accepted,in order to conserve judicial resources to deal effectively with large numbers of social disputes,China＇s civil law expanding the scope of summary proceedings in many parts of the reform of summary procedures,and achieved some success.However,with the social and economic development,micro-increasing number of conflicts caused by disputes,such as people＇s daily consumption,there are multiple disputes in these areas,the underlying amount is small,involving a wide range of features.People want to use the law weapons to protect their own interests,but they often gave up due to high litigation costs,which only reluctantly accept the merchant is not responsible for damage caused to their own interests.The traditional civil summary defects because of its dispute resolution has been unable to meet the needs of small claims,a more streamlined than the quick summary of civil procedure-small claims procedure should be introduced.Small claims procedure stresses competence of judges and non-evidence of these characteristics can be powerful to overcome the current summary of the civil ＇inability＇ of the features,the real quick fix to play the role of small disputes.In our current sharp increase in the number of cases,litigation long cycle,low efficiency,large numbers of backlog period,we should actively learn and absorb the achievements of this outstanding system,dispute resolution mechanism in the diversification based on micro-suited to China＇s specific conditions litigation system,improve the efficiency and realize the benefits of litigation.