不同生育期灌水和施氮对夏玉米生长、产量和水分利用效率的影响

Effect of irrigation at different growth stages and nitrogen fertilizer on maize growth,yield and water use efficiency

【目的】研究不同生育期灌水和施氮对玉米各生育期生长、产量和水分利用效率的影响。【方法】以夏玉米蠡玉16号为试验材料,设置了7个水分处理(全生育期灌水、苗期+拔节期灌水、苗期+抽穗期灌水、苗期+灌浆期灌水、拔节期+抽穗期灌水、拔节期+灌浆期灌水、抽穗期+灌浆期灌水)和3个氮素水平(不施氮肥、低氮(60kg/hm2)、高氮(180 kg/hm2)),研究不同生育期灌水和施氮对夏玉米生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响。【结果】不同生育期灌水和施氮对夏玉米的株高、叶面积、地上部干物质、产量及水分利用效率均有一定的影响。与全生育期灌水相比,在平均氮肥(各指标3个氮素处理的平均值)水平下,苗期+灌浆期灌水处理及抽穗期+灌浆期灌水处理的株高、叶面积、地上部干物质累积量和籽粒产量显著降低,且后者的水分利用效率最低。相比较而言,苗期+拔节期灌水、苗期+抽穗期灌水及拔节期+抽穗期灌水处理玉米产量的下降幅度不大,而灌溉水利用效率却有较大提高。【结论】在试验地区,与全生育期灌水相比,苗期+拔节期灌水、苗期+抽穗期灌水以及拔节期+抽穗期灌水处理有利于维持玉米产量并提高水分利用效率,而施氮也可以显著增加玉米的产量和水分利用效率。在本试验条件下,以高氮全生育期灌水处理的产量最高。

【Objective】 The field experiment was conducted to study the effect of irrigation at different growth stages and nitrogen fertilizer on maize growth,yield and water use efficiency.【Method】 With Liyu 16 as test material,the field experiments included seven irrigation treatments（irrigation at the whole growth period,irrigation at seedling and jointing stage,irrigation at seedling and heading stage,irrigation at seedling and filling stage,irrigation at jointing and heading stage,irrigation at jointing and filling stage,irrigation at heading and filling stage） and three nitrogen levels（non-nitrogen,0 kg/hm2;low nitrogen,60 kg/hm2;high nitrogen,180 kg/hm2） to study the effect of irrigation at different growth stages and nitrogen fertilizer on maize growth,yield and water use efficiency.【Result】 There were some effects of irrigation at different growth stages and nitrogen fertilizer levels on plant height,leaf area,dry matter accumulation,yield and water use efficiency of maize.Compared with irrigation at the whole growth period（CK）,there was significant reduction on the plant height,leaf area,dry matter accumulation,yield for irrigation at seedling＋filling stage and irrigation at heading＋filling stage,and the lowest water use efficiency.There was no significant decline in maize yield with irrigation treatment at seedling＋jointing stage,seedling＋heading stage,jointing＋heading stage,but irrigation water use efficiency was greatly improved.【Conclusion】 In the test field,compared with irrigation at the whole growth period,there was no significant decrease of maize yield with irrigation treatment at seedling＋jointing stage,seedling＋heading stage,jointing＋heading stage,but water use efficiency had been greatly improved.Nitrogen fertilizer had significant increase in maize yield and water use efficiency.