小麦骨干亲本阿夫及其衍生品种(系)重要性状的演变规律

Evolution trend of important characters of wheat core parents Funo and its derived varieties

【目的】研究阿夫及其4个不同时期衍生品种(系)的农艺性状,阐明阿夫衍生品种(系)重要农艺性状的演变规律。【方法】在点播条件下,对阿夫及其4个不同时期衍生品种(系)的重要农艺性状和产量性状进行研究。【结果】阿夫衍生品种(系)的株高明显降低,其中子四代的平均株高仅为阿夫的84.70%;子代株型由松散型逐步过渡到紧凑型,叶片由长窄逐渐变为短宽;穗长、单株有效穗数、千粒质量、穗粒质量和小区产量均显著增加,小穗数和穗粒数变化不明显。相关和通径分析表明,千粒质量和穗粒质量与产量呈极显著或显著正相关,株高对产量的负向贡献较大,单株有效穗数、穗长、小穗数和穗粒数与产量性状间的相关均不显著,其对产量直接作用的正负效应在各世代间也不完全相同。【结论】阿夫的穗大丰产特性在品种演替中得到了很好地传递,但是粒多的丰产特性并未得到充分传递。适当降低株高、增加有效小穗数、提高结实率、穗粒数与千粒质量并重、主攻穗粒质量是提高小麦产量的有效途径。

【Objective】 The objective of this study was to reveal the evolution trend of the important yield traits of Funo and its derivatives.【Method】 Yield,yield traits and agronomic traits of Funo and its derivatives were studied under hole sowing.【Result】 The evolution trend of these varieties is that the plant height decreased obviously,the average height of the forth generation was Funo,only 84.70%,plant type grandually changed from loose to compact,long and narrow leaves gradually became shorter and broader,length of spike,the spike number of single plant,the plot yield,thousand kernel weight and spike grain weight increased;and the number of ear-grains and the spikelet number of principal spike was not improved distinctly.The result of the correlation and path analysis between the plot yield and other traits showed that the relevance pole was exactly notable or notable between thousand kernel weight,spike grain weight and output,height defeated output.While output with length of spike,the spike number of single plant,the number of ear-grains and the spikelet number of spike were not significantly related,and the direct effect of these traits which affected the yield in each generation were significant.【Conclusion】 From the evolution trend of the Funo and its derivatives analysis,we can see that high-yield character of big panicle in the breed has obtained very good delivery,but Funo＇s many grains per panicle have not obtaind sufficient delivery.Output can be improved by reducing the plant height,improving available spikelet and seed setting rate and combining kernel number per spike with thousand kernel weight.