Glycinin和β-Conglycinin对不同食性鱼类生长及肠道组织的影响

Effects of dietary Glycinin and β-conglycinin on growth performance and intestinal tissue of fishes with different food habits

【目的】研究大豆球蛋白(Glycinin)和β-伴大豆球蛋白(β-Conglycinin)对不同食性鱼类生长及肠道组织的影响。【方法】以健康的鲤、埃及胡子鲇和草鱼为试验对象,以添加鱼粉饲料为对照组,另设置添加Glycinin 60.0mg/g和β-Conglycinin 40.0 mg/g的2个试验组,各配制成3种等氮(粗蛋白含量分别为鲤360.2 g/kg,埃及胡子鲇400.5 g/kg,草鱼300.6 g/kg)、等能(鲤15.26 MJ/kg,埃及胡子鲇15.86 MJ/kg,草鱼15.6 MJ/kg)的半精制饲料,在室内控温单循环养殖系统中进行为期6周的饲养试验,比较分析Glycinin和β-Conglycinin对不同食性鱼类生长、饲料利用及肠道组织影响的差异。【结果】Glycinin和β-Conglycinin对不同食性鱼类生长及肠道组织影响不同。鲤Glycinin组和β-Conglycinin组的特定生长率、饲料效率和蛋白质效率均下降,其中β-Conglycinin组与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);埃及胡子鲇Glycinin组和β-Conglycinin组的特定生长率、饲料效率和蛋白质效率均较对照组显著下降(P<0.05);草鱼Glycinin组和β-Conglycinin组的特定生长率、饲料效率和蛋白质效率均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。Glycinin组、β-Conglycinin组鲤和埃及胡子鲇中肠、后肠及草鱼前肠、中肠、后肠的皱襞高度均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);观察鲤、埃及胡子鲇、草鱼前肠、中肠、后肠的组织切片发现,不同食性鱼类的Glycinin组和β-Congly-cinin组肠道组织结构完整性出现了不同程度的损伤,Glycinin组鲤前肠、后肠和埃及胡子鲇后肠及草鱼前肠绒毛均有不同程度破损,固有层组织较疏松而且断裂;β-Conglycinin组埃及胡子鲇后肠和草鱼前肠的绒毛有不同程度的断裂或破损。【结论】在本试验条件下,从生长性能、饲料利用和肠道生长指标来看,大豆主要抗原蛋白对草鱼的影响最大,其次是埃及胡子鲇,对鲤的影响较小。

【Objective】 The effects of dietary Glycinin and β-Conglycinin on growth performance and intestinal tissue of fishes with different food habits were investigated in this study.【Method】 Semi-synthesised diets of three isonitrogenous（Cyprinus carpio 360.2 g/kg,Cyprinus lazera 400.5 g/kg,Cyprinus idellus 300.6 g/kg）and isoenergetic（C.carpio 15.26 MJ/kg,C.lazera 15.86 MJ/kg,C.idellus 15.6 MJ/kg）diets were formulated with fish meal and soybean Glycinin and β-Conglycinin as protein.Juvenile C.carpio,C.lazera and C.idellus were cultured for six weeks and fed on the same semi-purified diets formulated with purified β-conglycinin 40 mg/g diet and glycinin 60 mg/g diet,respectively.The effects of Glycinin and β-Conglycinin on growth performance and intestinal tissue of fishes with different food habits were determined.【Result】 Dietary Glycinin or β-Conglycinin had different effects on growth performance and intestinal tissue of fishes with different food habits.The specific growth rate,feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of C.carpio treated with Glycinin or β-Conglycinin were lower,but C.carpio treated with β-Conglycinin had no significant decrease compared with control group（P0.05）.The specific growth rate,feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of C.lazera treated with Glycinin and β-Conglycinin declined significantly（P0.05）.The specific growth rate,feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of C.lazera extremely decreased（P0.01）.Fold height of Middle and Distal intestine in groups treated with Glycinin or β-Conglycin in C.carpio and C.lazera were extremely lower than that in the control group,and fold height in Proximal,Middle and Distal intestine in groups treated with Glycinin and β-Conglycin in C.idellus were extremely lower than that in the control group（P0.01）.The structural integrity of intestines in diffferent species fed with Glycinin and β-Conglycin were destroyed to different extents.Villi of Proximal and Distal intestine in C.carpio,Distal intestine in C.lazera and Proximal intestine in C.idellus fed with Glycinin were destroyed to different extents,and proper layer was loosened and seperated.Villi of Distal intestine in C.lazera,Proximal intestine in C.idellus fed with β-Conglycin was destroyed.【Conclusion】 Soybean antigens have the worst effects on growth performance and intestinal tissue in C.idellus,middle in C.lazera,lowest in C.carpio.