2009年广西0～6岁儿童法定报告传染病流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of national notifiable infectious diseases in Guangxi children aged 0-6 in 2009

目的掌握广西儿童传染病的流行病学特点,为有效控制其流行提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,分析广西2009年0～6岁儿童传染病发病资料。结果 2009年广西0～6岁儿童无甲类传染病发生;乙、丙类传染病共发生23种,发病率为1 720.47/10万,发病数占广西全人群传染病数的29.14%。发病居前5位的病种有手足口病、其他感染性腹泻、流行性腮腺炎、痢疾和梅毒,占发病总数的95.65%。死亡居前5位的病种依次为狂犬病、其他感染性腹泻、手足口病、新生儿破伤风和艾滋病,占死亡总数的80.46%。广西各市、县均有病例发生,南宁市发病率最高,其次柳州市和防城港市,钦州市和贵港市发病率较低。全年均有病例报告,各类传染病有不同的发病高峰季节,总体而言,3月中旬发病数开始升高,4月中旬到达高峰,7月上旬降至低谷。0岁和1岁组发病占总发病数的一半左右,但各类传染病发病率高发年龄组不同。散居儿童发病占74.66%,幼托儿童占21.75%,学生占2.89%。男、女发病比例为1∶0.56。结论 2009年广西0～6岁儿童法定报告传染病总发病率仍维持较高水平,尤其是0岁和1岁组儿童肠道传染病发病率,提示儿童肠道传染病是广西传染病防治重点之一。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases in children and provide scientific basis for the disease control and prevention.Methods The data of 2009 national notifiable infectious diseases（NNID） were analyzed for children aged 0-6 years in Guangxi.Results There were 23 cases of class B and C but no case of class A reported in children aged 0-6 years in 2009.The cases of NNID accounted for 29.14% of infectious diseases in 2009.The rate of morbidity was 1 720.47/100 000 person-years.The most mortality cases were caused by rabies,followed by other infectious diarrhea,hand-foot-mouth diseases,neonatal tetanus and AIDS.The cases of above five disease accounted for 80.46% of total death cases.The most reported cases of infectious diseases were hand-foot-mouth diseases,followed by other infectious diarrhea,mumps,dysentery and syphilis.There were the cases of infectious diseases reported throughout the year and had seasonal variations for different infectious diseases.The number of morbidity cases began to increase in the middle of March and reached the peak in the middle of April.Early July had the lowest number of mortality cases.74.66%,21.75 and 2.89% of children with infectious diseases came from home,child-care center and primary school,respectively.The ratio of male to female was 1∶0.56 for the cases of infectious diseases.Conclusion The morbidity rate of NNID remained high in children aged 0-6 years.Health education should be provided for the prevention of NNID,especially of intestinal infectious diseases in children.