岳阳市城乡学龄前儿童视力发育及屈光不正的现状调查

Investigation on status of visual development and ametropia of preschool children in urban area and rural area of Yueyang city

目的：了解岳阳市城乡学龄前儿童（3~7岁）视力发育及屈光不正状况及其影响因素,为加强儿童眼保健工作提供科学依据。方法：采用随机整群抽样法对城乡幼儿园3~7岁儿童进行调查,其中城区2 768名,乡镇854名。应用儿童图形视力箱检测视力,对视力检测异常者进行屈光检测,并排除眼底器质性病变。结果：学龄前儿童视觉功能发育随年龄增长逐渐成熟,城乡之间低视力的年龄分布有统计学差异;儿童屈光异常类型主要为远视性屈光不正,城乡之间屈光异常类型无统计学差异;城区幼儿园弱视患病率为2.82%,乡镇幼儿园为4.45%,城乡幼儿园弱视患病率差异有统计学意义。结论：应重视对学龄前儿童的眼保健工作,应定期检查视力,发现异常及时矫治;同时应加强乡镇幼儿园的管理工作,采取综合干预措施降低视力异常的发生率。

Objective：To understand the status and effect factors of visual development and ametropia of preschool children aged 3～7 years old in urban area and rural area of Yueyang city,provide a scientific basis for eye health care of children.Methods：Random cluster sampling method was used to survey the preschool children aged 3～7 years old in urban area（2 768 children） and rural area（854 children） of Yueyang city,children graph visual box was used to detect visual acuity,the children with abnormal results received refractive measurement,the children with fundus organic diseases were excluded.Results：The visual function development of preschool children matured with age,there was significant difference in age distribution of low vision between urban area and rural area;the main type of ametropia was hypermetropia,there was significant difference in types of ametropia between urban area and rural area;the incidences of amblyopia in kindergartens of urban area and rural area were 2.82% and 4.45%,respectively,there was significant difference.Conclusion：The eye health care work of preschool children should be paid more attention to,the vision of preschool children should be examined regularly in order to find and treat abnormalities early;the management of kindergartens in countryside should be enhanced,and comprehensive intervention measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of vision disorders.