非语言情境中时间加工与空间距离加工的关系

Processing of Temporal and Spatial Distance Information Under Non-Verbal Context

时间加工与空间距离加工的关系主要有两种,一种是在空距离–空时距以及动物的研究中,时间加工影响空间距离加工,空间距离加工影响时间加工,两者相互影响,存在对称的干扰,这种关系与注意和记忆有关。另一种是在实距离–实时距中,空间距离加工影响时间加工,而时间加工不受空间距离加工的影响,时间加工和空间距离加工之间具有不对称的干扰。时空关系的不对称与隐喻理论、人们的感知运动经验和时空信息的显著性有关。神经机制上,右顶叶皮质、侧顶内区、左顶叶皮质、小脑、前额等参与时间加工和空间距离加工,但两种加工涉及到的神经机制也有部分差异。未来可以从时间加工的分段性、不同条件下时间加工和空间距离加工的心理机制以及脑机制进行研究。

Two theoretical proposals concerning the relationship between temporal and spatial distance processing are evaluated. On the one hand, under blank distance-blank duration condition and among animal reseaches, variations in spatial distance in.uence processing of time to the same degree that variations in time in.uence judgments of spatial distance.The symmetric interference between time and space is affected by attention and memory. On the other hand, under full distance-full duration context, although spatial distance processing interfers time estimation, the latter has no effect on the former. Thereby the interference is asymmetrical. The cross dimensional asymmetry is based on theories of metaphorical mental representation, sensorimotor experience, and the salience of time or space information. Findings from brain mechanism indicate that processing of temporal and spatial distance are related to right parietal cortex, lateral intraparietal area, left parietal cortex, cerebellum as well as prefrontal cortex. However, the neural mechanisms responsible for these two processes are not exactlly the same. Future trends will benefit from the following topics, including segmentation of temporal processing, the mental mechanism and neural substrate of temporal and spatial distance processing in different conditions.