北豆根不同组分大鼠长期毒性实验研究

Experimental Study on Chronic Toxicity in Rats Caused by Different Components of Rhizoma Menispermi

目的观察连续给予北豆根不同组分导致大鼠慢性毒性的损伤表现、程度及可逆性。方法分别给140只大鼠灌胃高、中、低剂量的北豆根水提、醇提组分样品,除观察一般状况外,检测血常规、血生化指标,剖杀大鼠,精密称取心、肝、脾、肺、肾脏,计算脏、体比值,进行常规病理检查。停药后,进行恢复期观察。结果北豆根水提、醇提组分分别给药27天、33天可导致大鼠体重下降,饮食、饮水不佳,血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性升高。水提组分的肝体比值增大,醇提组分肝、肾体比值均增大;肝、肾毒性损伤程度与给药剂量呈现一定的剂量依赖相关性,经过恢复期观察,部分病变不可逆。结论北豆根不同组分对大鼠长期毒性表现主要是肝、肾损伤,尤其以醇提的损伤最大,且部分病变为不可逆性损伤。

Objective The obvious toxical symptoms and signs, the toxic damage extents and reversibility were observed in rats caused by different components from Rhizoma Menispermi. Methods The 140 rats were divided into seven groups such as normal group, water extract and alcohol extract of high, medium and low dose. The general conditions including the bodyweight, diet and behavior were observed, the blood routine, the biochemical indicators, organ/ bodyweight rate, the important organs such as heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain and et al, and pathological changes were detected after water extract and alcohol extract administrated. The changes were observed during the recovery period. Results The Wistar rat＇s weight, diet and drinking were decreased; the activity of ALT, AST, ALP in serum were increased; the liver weight and volume ratio was increased after given water extract and the liver, kidney weight and volume ratio were increased after given alcohol extract from Rhizoma Menispermi to Wistar rats by intragastric for 27 and 33 days. The damage of liver and kidney toxicity in rats show an obvious dosage relationship and after the convalescence, the partial lesions were irreversible. Conclusion The main chronic toxical damage is liver and kidney caused by water extract and alcohol extract of Rhizoma Menispermi especially the alcohol extract, and part of the lesions were irreversible.