网络化软件的复杂网络特性实证

Empirical Study on the Characteristics of Complex Networks in Networked Software

互联网的普及和万维网的兴起,引发了软件技术的变革,催生了新的软件形态——网络化软件,为大众用户提供多样化、个性化的按需服务.随着应用领域的不断扩展和用户群的日益庞大,其规模与复杂度正以超越人类处理能力的速度增长,使得软件工程不得不面临一系列的挑战.为了科学地认识和理解这类规模庞大的人工复杂系统,从网络化-服务化-社会化的三维视角出发,对其基础设施、应用服务和大众交互三方面的复杂网络特性实证研究进行了综述分析,并系统论述了网络化软件中隐含的"小世界"和"无尺度"复杂网络特性对软件工程今后研究的影响和启示.软件工程与其他学科的交叉汇聚,将迸发新的观点和思想,为网络化软件的研究提供新的思维方式和方法论,有望实现软件工程理论、方法和关键技术的创新,从而推动我国软件服务业的快速发展.

The popularity of the Internet and the boom of the World Wide Web foster innovative changes in software technology that give birth to a new form of software--networked software, which delivers diversified and personalized on-demand services to the public. With the ever-increasing expansion of applications and users, the scale and complexity of networked software are growing beyond the information processing capability of human beings, which brings software engineers a series of challenges to face. In order to come to a scientific understanding of this kind of ultra-large-scale artificial complex systems, a survey research on the infrastructure, application services, and social interactions of networked software is conducted from a three-dimensional perspective of cyberization, servicesation, and socialization. Interestingly enough, most of them have been found to share the same global characteristics of complex networks such as ＂Small World＂ and ＂Scale Free＂. Next, the impact of the empirical study on software engineering research and practice and its implications for further investigations are systematically set forth. The convergence of software engineering and other disciplines will put forth new ideas and thoughts that will breed a new way of thinking and input new methodologies for the study of networked software. This convergence is also expected to achieve the innovations of theories, methods, and key technologies of software engineering to promote the rapid development of software service industry in China.