司法裁判中政策运用的调查报告——基于含“政策”字样裁判文书的整理

A Survey Report on the Use of Policy in Judicial Judgment

司法裁判在适用法律的过程中,是否以及如何运用政策加以考量?在对含"政策"字样的裁判文书进行搜集与整理的基础上,我们发现在直接使用"政策"一词的裁判文书中,主要涉及刑事政策、经济政策、农村政策和社会政策;而就政策主体而言则涉及企业政策、地方政策、中央政府政策和党的政策。政策的具体运用集中于政策问题是否属于法院的管辖范围、政策变化对合同主体的影响、以政策作为裁判的理由以及依据。基于此,司法裁判中所运用的政策,往往是除法律文件以外的规范性文件或其他文件,政策的运用与历史性问题及社会转型时期特殊现象有关。但是,司法裁判中应当慎重地运用政策,特别是总政策和基本政策,谨防法律适用中向一般条款逃逸的现象。

It is a question whether and how to make use of policies in judicial judgment.Based on a survey and study of 3,800 judgments,this paper finds out the policies involved in the judgments range from the criminal policies,economic policies,and rural policies to social policies,and the policy issuers include corporate organizations,local and central governments and the CPC.The main legal issues on the use of policy are whether the use of policy is within the court's jurisdiction;what effect the change of policy may have on the parties of a contract;and on what ground a policy may back up a judgment.Most of the applied policies in judicial process are regulatory ones and the like,and the use of a policy is closely related to the problems with historical involvement or to some particular phenomena of this fast-changing society.It is important that policies,major or basic,should be wisely applied to prevent evasion of legal sanction under the excuse of general provisions.