“有”字领有句的语义倾向和信息结构

The semantic preference and information structure of the possessive construction with the verb you(have)

本文以合格性测试和网络统计显示,现代汉语"有"字领有句具有表好(褒义)和表多(主观大量)的语义倾向,主要表现在领有句宾语强烈地、甚至刚性地排斥负面定语和主观小量定语,排斥程度因宾语、定语的小类而异。文章认为这一排斥缘于两个因素。一是汉语"有"字固有的表好表多倾向,二是汉语句子自然焦点居末的要求。汉语句子排斥不包括宾语核心、单由定语充当的自然焦点。"有"字固有的表好表多倾向要求信息强度较大的定语在语义倾向上与宾语核心保持一致,以与核心共同组成一个尾焦点板块。假如这种定语与领有句的语义倾向相违背,定语会成为不包括核心的独立焦点,从而违背尾焦点原则。

This paper argues that the possessive construction with the verb you(have)prefer to denote goodness(positive meanings)and plenty(subjectively large quantity).This preference can be demonstrated with the fact that the possessive construction strongly tends to exclude either a negative attribute or an attribute interpreted as subjectively small quantity of the object.This kind of the exclusion depends on the subclass of objects and modifiers.There are two factors:1)the possessive verb you(have)is inherently of the preference of being good and numerous;2)the requirement for the natural(default)focus to be located sentence-finally.In Chinese,the natural focus covers both the attribute and the head of the object instead of the attribute only.The inherent preference of being good and numerous requires that the informationally salient attribute keeps semantic concord to the head of the object to form a chunk with the head as the sentence-final focus.If the attribute violates the semantic preference of the possessive construction with you,the principle of focusing sentence-finally will be violated.