汉语谈话中否定反问句的事理立场功能及类型

Indexing evaluative stances with negative rhetorical interrogatives in Mandarin conversation

本文以现代汉语"不、没"类反问句(即否定反问句)为研究对象,利用自然谈话材料考察其使用环境及语义信息内涵,并由此出发探讨反问句的性质及话语功能。整体结论是,否定反问句常用于地位比较平等的说话人之间,通过已知或常识类知识表达说话人对听话人的不同程度上的负面事理立场。这种事理立场具体体现为表提醒、意外、反对和斥责四个层级,其中以前者最为常见。本文也对语法结构与语用因素的关系问题提出了见解。

This paper uses two subcorpora of Mandarin conversations as data to investigate the use of negative rhetorical interrogative forms in discourse.Results show that negative rhetorical interrogatives in Mandarin tend to appear at turn transition places,tend to be used by persons with an intimate and equal relationship,and tend to be concerned with given or accessible information.Overall these interrogatives are found to index the speaker's negative evaluative stance,one that however is minimum in negativity,as it is realized primarily in the form of reminding as opposed to expressing surprises,opposing,or even blaming.