宁波市1999年-2008年病毒性肝炎流行特征分析及防控策略探讨

Epidemiological characteristics and prevention strategies of viral hepatitis in Ningbo during 1999 to 2008

目的：探讨宁波市病毒性肝炎发病趋势和流行病学特征,为制定防控策略提供科学依据。方法：采用描述性流行病学方法对宁波市1999年-2008年病毒性肝炎监测资料进行分析。结果：1999年-2008年病毒性肝炎发病率波动在49.26/10万-83.60/10万之间,年均发病率为64.12/10万。宁波市所辖11个县市区均有病例报告,经济欠发达地区发病率较高,县区间发病率差别有统计学意义（χ^2=14.63,P〈0.005）;男性发病率高于女性,二者差别具有统计学意义（χ^2=3137.21,P〈0.001）;病毒性肝炎发病以20岁-49岁中青年为主,占总病例的69.65%;病例构成以农民为主,占总病例的45.49%;经血液传播肝炎发病强度（17.75/10万）明显高于经粪、口途径传播肝炎（6.23/10万）,差别有统计学意义（χ^2=336.80,P〈0.001）。结论：宁波市病毒性肝炎发病10年来虽明显下降,但仍处于较高水平,应继续重视病毒性肝炎的防控工作,调整、优化免疫策略,在继续做好婴幼儿及学生甲肝及乙肝疫苗免疫的基础上,加强重点人群的监测和免疫接种工作,提高整体人群的免疫水平。并逐渐建立以切断传播途径为主的综合防控策略。

Objective：The study was conducted to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of viral Hepatitis in Ningbo,and to provide scientific bases for prevention and control strategies.Methods： Descriptive epidemiological method was performed to analyze the information of viral Hepatitis in Ningbo.Results： The incidence rate of viral hepatitis ranged from 49.26/100 000 to 83.60/100000 with the annual incidence of 64.12/100000 during this period.Viral Hepatitis cases were reported all the eleven counties administrated by Ningbo city.Higher incidence rate was observed in underdeveloped counties or districts,there were statistically significance（χ^2=14.63,P0.005）.There were significant difference between male cases and female cases（χ^2=3137.21,P0.001）.People aged from 20 to 49 years were most easily affected,accounted for 69.65% of all cases.Farmers accounted for 45.49% of all cases.For the transmission route,blood transfusion （17.75/100 000） was significantly higher than that of fecal-oral route（6.23/100 000）（χ2=336.80,P0.001）.Conclusion： The incidence rate of viral Hepatitis was declining in recent 10 years,but still at a high level.Attentions should be paid to control viral hepatitis consecutively,immunization strategy should be adjusted and optimized in order to enhance the overall level of population immunity.Comprehensive control measures should be implemented to block the transmission routes.