从功过格到《人谱》——论刘宗周对儒家道德秩序的重建

From the Ledgers of Merit and Demerit to Human Morality:Analysis on the Reforming of Confucian Moral Order

功过格是记录人善恶功过的一种道德日记,其形式起源于道家,到明清之际糅合进儒家伦理规范、佛教善书、道教修仙术等内容并成为民众道德规范的重要依据。儒生刘宗周不满于其中体现的功利思想,制《人谱》,试图重建正统儒家推崇纯善的道德秩序。本文将对这一进程略作探寻,试图理清从功过格到《人谱》的逻辑发展理路。

The Ledgers of Merit and Demerit are a type of morality diary which record good and evil,merits and demerits of people.This form originates from Taoism.Between the Ming-Qing dynasties,it contains much more theories such as ethic norms,Buddhist morality books,and Taoist incarnation and become important foundation of moral principles of people.Dissatisfied with the utilitarianism reflected in these books,Confucian Liu Zong-zhou composed Human morality;try to reform orthodox Confucian＇s moral order which advocate pure goodness.This paper will trace this process and try to untangle the developing logic from the Ledgers of Merit and Demerit to Human morality.