回归古典还是回到古代——对文学史研究理论及方法的思考

Return to Classicality or Regress to Antiquity

对西方近代文化中"历史主义"的崇尚,使中国文学史理论建设和史纂实践在二十世纪初叶便完成了现代转型,并初步获得了现代性品格。同样是对"历史主义"的过分倚重,又使我们的文学史研究在刚刚跨入二十一世纪之际,便深陷一种难以为继的发展困境,失却了其独立性品格。百年文学史观念的演化经历了进化论文学史观、实用主义文学史观、唯物论文学史观这样三个阶段。其中均贯穿着"历史主义"这样一条主线。目前文学史研究所面临的危机,从根本上讲,是"历史主义"的危机。文学史研究的出路,关键在于我们能否在"历史主义"的规范、标准和惯例体系之外,构建一个以"经典主义"文学史观为主导、以文学自身进化观念为核心的文学史系统。

While advocating ＂historicism＂ in the Western modern culture,the theoretical construction and the historiographical practice of Chinese literary history have realized their modern transitions and acquired the initial modernity in the early 20th century.Simultaneously,heavily depending upon ＂historicism＂,the study of our literary history got itself into unsustainable developmental crisis and lost its independency when just entering the 21 st century.The evolution of the concept of a-hundred-year literary history has undergone three stages,such as evolutionary view of literary history,pragmatic view of literary history and materialistic view of literary history,through which such a cardinal line,＂historicism＂ has run.Currently,a crisis that the study of literary history is facing,fundamentally speaking,is the crisis of historicism.The way-out of the study of literary history lies in whether we can construct the system of literary history,with classical view of literary history as the lead,and evolutionary concept of literature itself as the key,outside historicist discipline,standard and conventional systems.