中国现代文学批评史上的清华学派

Tsinghua School in the History of Modern Chinese Literary Criticism

"中国现代文学批评史上的清华学派"指的是1930年代前后,以叶公超编辑的后期《新月》、《学文》等文学刊物为主要批评园地,以清华大学文科特别是外文系为核心的文学批评群体,其成员涵盖清华大学、北京大学、燕京大学等北平高校的一些师生。该学派主要成员以叶公超为中心,包括清华外文系学生钱钟书、李健吾、常风、郑朝宗和外系学生李长之等。他们深受欧美文艺熏陶,特别是继承和发展了英美新批评的观念,强调作品的中心地位和文学的审美特性,在方法上普遍运用"扩展的比较法",注重批评的独立品格和个性,在实际批评中提出了不少特立独行却经得起时间检验的真知灼见。该学派在理论和批评实践上都有着不俗的成绩,但在当时和之后相当长时间内,并没有引起与之相称的反响和关注,这或许与其浓郁的学院色彩和当时特殊的政治环境有关。

Around 1930,the literary criticism about a group of intellectuals in the institutes with a background in Europe and United States,was very active and flourishing. From Yeh Kung-chao and two magazines of Xin-yue,Xue-wen edited by him,the author looks for some internal links and common features of them,and analyzes the possibility of formation,limitation and significance about Tsinghua School in the history of modern literary criticism. Furthermore,the author clarifies the overall character of the school and the unique style of the critics.