快速成型弹性风洞模型高速气动特性研究

High-speed aerodynamic characteristics of elastic wind-tunnel models based on rapid prototyping

利用光固化快速成型技术加工了内部金属骨架、外部光敏树脂外形的弹性轻质AGARD-B模型。采用气动与结构并发分析方法对其跨声速气动特性进行了初步研究,完成了风洞验证实验。研究结果表明:在马赫数0.6和1.2、较小攻角(α≤4°)的条件下,弹性轻质模型气动力特性与金属模型基本吻合;较大攻角(α>4°)条件下,因弹性轻质模型刚度比全金属模型小,试验过程中受气动载荷作用,特别是升力的影响,结构机翼变形较大,导致气动力特性与全金属模型差异较大,故气动力系数需要进行弹性变形修正。初步实验结果指出:在跨声速范围内,弹性轻质模型可直接用于气动布局选型设计与研究、基本状态等研究;但同时弹性轻质模型刚度不足,易变形。

An elastic lightweight AGARD-B model is fabricated by internal metal frames and outer photopolymer resin based on rapid prototyping.Through combination of aerodynamic & structural analysis and wind tunnel test,transonic aerodynamic characteristics of the model are presented.The results indicate that the aerodynamic characteristics of the elastic model are in good agreement with a metal AGARD-B model at angle of attack less than 4°,and disagreement at the angle of attack more than 4° occurs because of shortage in stiffness for the elastic model.The aerodynamic characteristics of elastic models need to be modified because of the different stiffness and deformation between elastic and metal models when aerodynamic loads influence greatly test results.Furthermore,it is concluded the design and manufacturing techniques of elastic models are feasible being applied to transonic wind tunnel tests for aerodynamic configuration design and preliminary studies on aerodynamic characteristics of aircrafts at basal attitude.The shortage in stiffness of elastic models is a key problem which should be taken into account in the future.