中国禾谷类大田作物收获指数和秸秆系数

Harvest index and residue factor of cereal crops in China

收获指数是作物科学研究和生产中的重要指标,秸秆系数是评估秸秆量的重要参数。本项研究通过查阅2006—2010年发表的大田试验研究的原创性论文,获得了禾谷类作物在中国大陆地区主产省市自治区的收获指数及换算后的秸秆系数。结果表明:水稻的收获指数和秸秆系数全国平均值分别为0.50和1.00,其中16个省市自治区的变幅为在0.43～0.54和0.85～1.33。玉米的收获指数和秸秆系数全国平均值分别为0.49和1.04,其中12个省市自治区的变幅为0.42～0.53和0.89～1.38。小麦的收获指数和秸秆系数全国平均值分别为0.46和1.17,其中11个省市自治区的变幅为0.42～0.50,秸秆系数为1.00～1.38。其他谷类作物的收获指数为0.17～0.49,秸秆系数为1.04～4.88。和前人的研究结果相比,在过去的20多年里,中国主要禾谷类作物的收获指数虽然有明显的提高,但是进一步上升的空间变小。未来要进一步增加作物的经济产量,通过提高收获指数已不再是其主要途径,而要通过增加生物产量以提高其单位面积的经济产量。

Harvest index（HI） and residue factor（RF） are essentially significant for crop production research and crop residue quantity assessment.Data in this research were collected from original papers on cereals which were mainly published between 2006 and 2010 in the main production provinces of China's Mainland.Results indicated the average of HI and RF of rice were 0.50 and 1.00,respectively.In 16 provinces,HI of rice varied between 0.43 and 0.54 and RF between 0.85 and 1.33.The average of HI and RF of maize were 0.49 and 1.04,respectively.HI of maize varied between 0.42 and 0.53 and RF between 0.89 and 1.38 in 12 provinces.The average of HI and RF of wheat were 0.46 and 1.17,respectively.Wheat had HI with the range of 0.42 and 0.50 and RF 1.00 and 1.38 in 11 provinces.For the other cereal crops,the range of HI was 0.17 and 0.49,and RF 1.04 and 4.88.The HI of the cereals was significantly improved during the past 20 years.In the near future grain yield of cereals will be improved mainly through a substantial increase in biomass,instead of HI.