中国非禾谷类大田作物收获指数和秸秆系数

Harvest index and residue factor of non-cereal crops in China

收获指数和秸秆系数对作物生产研究和秸秆资源评估具有重要意义。本研究主要根据2006—2010年文献的田间实测数据,研究了非禾谷类大田作物在中国大陆主产省份的收获指数和秸秆系数。结果表明:大豆收获指数和秸秆系数全国平均值分别为0.42和1.50,6个省份的收获指数为0.35～0.47,秸秆系数1.13～1.86。马铃薯收获指数和秸秆系数的全国平均值分别为0.59和0.71,甘薯分别为0.69和0.45,木薯分别为0.64和0.50。其中,11个省份的马铃薯、甘薯和木薯等薯类作物收获指数为0.55～0.77、秸秆系数0.30～1.17。棉花皮棉收获指数和秸秆系数全国平均值分别为0.15和2.91,5个省份棉花的皮棉收获指数为0.12～0.18,秸秆系数2.41～4.09。花生的收获指数和秸秆系数全国平均数分别为0.50和1.14,6个省份花生收获指数为0.41～0.54,秸秆系数0.85～1.43。油菜的收获指数和秸秆系数全国平均数分别为0.26和2.87,6个省份油菜收获指数为0.24～0.28,秸秆系数2.57～3.17。向日葵收获指数和秸秆系数全国平均数分别为0.32和2.63,4个省份向日葵收获指数为0.21～0.40,秸秆系数1.50～3.76。由2个省份获得的芝麻收获指数和秸秆系数的平均数分别为0.34和2.01。甜菜的收获指数和秸秆系数全国平均数分别为0.71和0.43,3个省份的甜菜收获指数为0.60～0.85,秸秆系数为0.18～0.67。甘蔗只获得福建省收获指数0.70,秸秆系数为0.43。烟草的收获指数和秸秆系数全国平均数分别为0.61和0.71,7个省份的烟草收获指数为0.52～0.67,秸秆系数为0.49～0.92。提出我国大田作物应在保证稳步提高单位面积经济产量的前提下,适度降低收获指数以提高其秸秆产量。

Harvest index（HI） and residue factor（RF） are of essentially significance for crop production research and crop residue quantity assessment.HI and RF of non-cereal crops in their main production provinces of China are reviewed according to field data collected from original papers published mainly during 2006-2010.HI of soybean varied between 0.35 and 0.47 whereas RF between 1.13 and1.86 across six provinces,and the average was 0.42 and 1.50,respectively.Tubers including potato,sweet potato,and cassava had HI between 0.55 and 0.77 whereas their between 0.30 and 1.17 across eleven provinces.The average HI and RF was 0.59 and 0.71 for potato,0.69 and 0.45 for sweet potato,and 0.64 and 0.50 for cassava,respectively.The average HI and RF for cotton were 0.15 and 2.91,with a range of 0.12-0.18 and 2.41-4.09 respectively.Peanut had HI between 0.41-0.54 and RF between 0.85-1.43 across six provinces,and the average was 0.50 and 1.14,respectively.Canola had HI 0.24-0.28 and RF 2.57-3.17 across six provinces,and the average HI and RF were and 2.87,respectively.Sunflower had HI between 0.21 and 0.40 whereas RF between 1.50 and 3.76 across four provinces in Northwest and North China,and their average HI and RF were 0.32 and 2.63 respectively.In Henan and Hubei provinces,the average HI and RF were 0.34 and 2.01 for sesame.Sugarbeet had a higher average HI 0.71 with a range of 0.60-0.85,its RF varied between 0.18-0.67,with an average of 0.43.HI and RF of sugarcane was 0.70 and 0.43 for Fujian province only.Tobacco had HI between 0.52-0.67 and RF between 0.49-0.92 across seven provinces,the average HI and RF was 0.61 and 0.71,respectively.In near future,there will be a potential trend to decrease the HI to approach higher crop residue yields,along with substantial improvement of the economic product yield due to increase in biomass yield.