重庆市黔江区燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒现状

Status of Endemic Fluorosis in Qianjiang District of Chongqing

目的掌握重庆市黔江区燃煤型氟中毒病情现状,为地方性氟中毒防治提供科学依据。方法运用现场调查方法调查黔江区74个病区村的基本情况和改炉改灶情况;运用Dean′s法检查所有病区村8～12岁儿童氟斑牙及16岁以上成人临床氟骨症患病情况,计算氟骨症检出率;对氟斑牙检出率>30%的村中所有家庭开展相关信息调查,同时每村随机采集5户食用的玉米、辣椒样本进行氟含量测定。结果燃煤型氟中毒病区村病情在逐渐减轻,从原有重病区26个、中病区12个、轻病区36个改变为轻病区7个、控制病区67个;重、中、轻病区改炉改灶率分别为100.00%、88.17%、18.44%;8～12岁儿童氟斑牙患病率、氟斑牙缺损率、氟斑牙指数分别为11.83%、0.62%、0.20%;临床氟骨症患者135人,检出率为0.08%。结论黔江区燃煤型氟中毒病氟斑牙病情逐渐减轻,病情程度逐渐下降,病区类型逐渐减轻。降氟措施除改炉改灶外,修建沼气池,人们生活行为方式改变也是病情减轻的重要因素。

Objective To master the endemic fluorosis status in Qianjiang district of Chongqing municipal,to provide a scientific evidence for preventing and controlling endemic fluorosis.Methods The children（8-12 years old） were detected with Dean＇s method in 74 ward villages of Qianjiang district,calculated the prevalence,defect rate,index of dental fluorosis.Clinical people（over 16 years old）were calculated the detection rate of skeletal fluorosis.On the detection rate of dental fluorosis more than 30% of the village,related contents of family life were investigated,consumption of corn,chili samples for fluoride content were also tested from 5 households each village.Results The condition of coal-burning fluorosis gradually reduced from the original 26serious ward villages,12 intermediate ward villages,36 light ward villages to 7 light ward villages,67 control ward villages.Rates of changing furnace and improving cooking stove in serious,intermediate,light ward villages were 100.00%,88.17%,18.44% respectively.The prevalence,defect rate and index of dental fluorosis of the children（8-12 years old） were 11.83%,0.61%, 0.20%,respectively.The clinical patients of skeletal fluorosis was 135 cases,the detection rate of skeletal fluorosis was 0.08%.Conclusion Fluorosis and dental fluorosis disease gradually reduce in Qianjiang district.The ward types also gradually decrease.The construction of biogas digesters,changes of people＇s life pattern and behavior are also important to reduce disease besides changing furnace and improving cooking stove.